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Thermodynamics and Fluids

Code:

LACI21013

Sigla:

TF

Áreas Científicas
Classificação	Área Científica
OFICIAL	Applied Thermodynamics

Ocorrência: 2021/2022 - 1S

Ativa?	Yes
Unidade Responsável:	Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica
Curso/CE Responsável:

Ciclos de Estudo/Cursos

Sigla	Nº de Estudantes	Plano de Estudos	Anos Curriculares	Créditos UCN	Créditos ECTS	Horas de Contacto	Horas Totais
EACI	49	Plano de Estudos 14	2	-	6	60	162

Língua de trabalho

Portuguese

Objetivos

Provide students with the necessary knowledge to carry out the energy analysis of simple systems with an interest in engineering. Provide students with the necessary knowledge to analyze the flows inside the pipelines and calculate the distribution of forces on submerged flat surfaces.

Resultados de aprendizagem e competências

Thermodynamics:
-Perform engineering calculations with different unit systems
-Perform energy balances in closed systems
-Identify the steady state of a system
-Perform mass and energy balances and in control volumes
-Understand the concept of energy quality, the limitation of the tranformation of heat into work, calculate the efficiency of a process/cycle.


Fluid Mechanics:
- Determine the force and respective point of application on a flat submerged surface;
- Determine the pressure read by any liquid column manometer;
- Identify and characterize the flow regime; calculate the pressure losses in internal the flows; determine the curves of the facilities;
- Characterize the type of turbomachine; interpret its characteristic curves; determine systems operating points; select pumps.

Modo de trabalho

Presencial

Programa

The program is splited into two parts, the 1st is thermodynamics and the 2nd is Fluid Mechanics

Thermodynamics

1. Thermodynamics tntroductory concepts and definitions, Units:

Thermodynamic Systems. Macroscopic Approach to Thermodynamics. Properties, State, Process and Balance. Intensive and Extensive Properties. Phase and Pure Substance. Balance. Density, Specific Volume and Pressure. Temperature. Thermal Equilibrium. Thermometers and Thermometry. Temperature Scales.

2. Energy Analysis of Thermodynamic Systems:

1st Law of Thermodynamics. Energy Transfer in the form of Heat and Work. Mechanical Forms of Work. Heat Transfer Modes. Energy Conversion Efficiency. Polytropic Processes. Energy Conservation Principle for Closed Systems.

3. Properties of Pure, Simple and Compressible Substances:

The p-v-T relationship. Phase change. Tables for Thermodynamic Properties. Pressure, Specific Volume and Temperature. Specific Internal Energy and Enthalpy. Specific heat. Model for incompressible substance. Processes with gaseous substances. Universal Gas Constant. Ideal gases. Polytropic processes with ideal gases.

4. First Law of Thermodynamics applied to control volumes:

Control Volume Definition. Mass and Energy balances. Control Volume Analysis in Stationary Regime.

5. Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy:

2nd law of thermodynamics. Thermal energy reservoirs. Thermal machines. Yield of energy conversions. Refrigerators and heat pumps. Perpetual motion machines. Reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot cycle. Carnot's Principles. Entropy. Clausius inequality. Entropy increase principle. Entropy variation of pure substances. Isentropic processes. T-s diagram. Isentropic efficiencies.

6. Main thermodynamic cycles presentation:

Rankine cycle, Bryton cycle, refrigeration cycle.

Fluid Mechanics

1. Introductory Concepts:

Fluid concept; Continuity of matter; Basic Laws of Physics; Notion of volume and mass flow; Thermodynamic properties of fluids.

3. Pressure distribution in a fluid Balance of the fluid element; Fundamental equation of hydrostatics; Hydrostatic forces on symmetrical plane surfaces; Impulse; Notion of stability of bodies within fluids; applications.

4. Fluid flow:

Notion of current line, trajectory and emission line; Continuity equation; Bernoulli's equation; Energy equation; Applications.

5. Flow regimes:

Laminar and turbulent flow; Reynolds number; Velocity profiles, Flow velocity measurement; applications.

6. Viscous flow in pipelines:

Friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow; localized head losses; determination of head losses in pipelines; association of conducts; installation curve; applications.

7. Application and selection of pumps and fans:

Types; characteristic curves; laws of resemblance; operating point; selection; Association; Available suction height of pumps; applications.

Bibliografia Obrigatória

Robert L. Mott ; Joseph A. Untener; Applied Fluid Mechanics, Pearson Education Limited, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-292-01961-1
Yunus A. Çengel e Michael A. Boles; TERMODINÂMICA, McGrawHill, 2007, 2007. ISBN: 85-86804-66-5

Bibliografia Complementar

Mecânica dos Fluidos; Frank M. White, Mc Graw-Hill, 2018. ISBN: ISBN: 9788580556063
Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro; Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Jo h n Wi l e y & S o n s , I n c ., 2011. ISBN: 13 978-0470-49590-2

Métodos de ensino e atividades de aprendizagem

Theoretical-practical classes composed by an expositive part where the fundamental concepts of the different subjects are presented. During the exposition of the theoretical material, practical problems of direct application of the concepts are proposed for solving. Students are encouraged to participate in solving the exercises.

Tipo de avaliação

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Componentes de Avaliação

Designation	Peso (%)
Participação presencial	10,00
Teste	60,00
Trabalho escrito	30,00
Total:	100,00

Componentes de Ocupação

Designation	Tempo (Horas)
Estudo autónomo	92,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Trabalho escrito	10,00
Total:	162,00

Obtenção de frequência

Final Classification (FC) greater than or equal to 10 determined by the formula presented below and meeting the following requirements:

1. Tests average classification (AC_Tests) must be greater than or equal to 10 values calculated through: AC_Tests = 0.3 x CT1 + 0.4 x CT2 + 0.3 x CT3;


2. The classification of each test (CT) equal to or greater than 9 values;


3. The classification of each work  equal to or greater than 10.

Fórmula de cálculo da classificação final

The final classification (FC) is calculated using the following formula:

FC = 0.6 x (AC_Tests) + 0.3 x AC_Works + 0.1 x CC

AC_Trans represents the arithmetic mean of the work classification;
CC represents the classification of useful participation during classes, such as interest shown in classes, attendance and participation in debates about the contents of the program.

Exam case,  the exam classification replaces the average of the tests classification in the FC calculation.

Observações

Period for attending students doubts:
Tuesdays 11:00 - 12:30, office D113