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Environmental and Marine Biotechnology

Code:

LTAM24

Sigla:

BAM

Áreas Científicas
Classificação	Área Científica
OFICIAL	Controlo e Processos

Ocorrência: 2021/2022 - 1S

Ativa?	Yes
Unidade Responsável:	Departamento de Sistemas e Informática
Curso/CE Responsável:	Environmental and Marine Technology

Ciclos de Estudo/Cursos

Sigla	Nº de Estudantes	Plano de Estudos	Anos Curriculares	Créditos UCN	Créditos ECTS	Horas de Contacto	Horas Totais
LTAM	30	Plano de Estudos 2016/17	3	-	6	90	162

Língua de trabalho

Portuguese

Objetivos

Goals
- To know about the operation and optimization of biological reactors;
- To know how to identify the different types of microorganisms in biological systems;
- To know how to understand the results obtained in the monitoring of biological reactors;
- Mass transfer knowledge applied to aeration;
- To know how to apply knowledge in the recovery of contaminated soil and waste recovery using bilogical processes;
- To have knowledge of marine biotechnology associated with the production of microalgae and macroalgae;
- To know about techniques used in the development of new products based on biotechnology.

Resultados de aprendizagem e competências

Skills
- To participate in the operation and maintenance of biological reactors
- Monitoring and design monitoring programs for operational control of biological reactors
- To act in the design and selection of technological options for soil decontamination and valorization of waste
- To act and participate in the operation of microalgae and macroalgae units

Modo de trabalho

Presencial

Pré-requisitos (conhecimentos prévios) e co-requisitos (conhecimentos simultâneos)

Knowledge of environmental analysis methods and environmental microbiology (not mandatory)

Programa

1. Biological Reactors Fundamentals

1.1. Introduction to biological processes: Types of microorganisms that develop in biological systems; characteristics necessary for its growth and factors that can cause growth inhibition in environmental and marine biotechnological processes.
1.2. Microbial kinetics: kinetic models, microorganism growth and limiting factors. Conversion of organic matter by aerobic heterotrophs. Nitrification. Denitrification. Biological removal of phosphorus. Anaerobic processes.
1.3. Fundamentals of Biological Reactors
Types of reactors and biomass separation processes.
Modeling of biological reactors: Chemostat with and without recirculation. Plug flow reactor with and without recirculation.
1.4. Aeration and mixing in Biological Reactors
Gas-liquid system mass transfer in biological processes. Factors affecting the mass transfer process. Determination of mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area using empirical correlations. Experimental methods for determining mass transfer coefficients.
2. Application of fundamentals of biological reactors to Environmental Biotechnology and Bioremediation (grey biotechnology)
2.1. Aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic treatment in xenobiotic degradation. Conventional treatment processes applied to the degradation of xenobiotics. Biodegradability of xenobiotic compounds. Anaerobic digestion. Biosorption systems - applications in the treatment of water contaminated with heavy metals.
2.2. Bioremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater
Bioremediation of contaminated soils. In situ treatments. Phytoremediation. Tolerance and resistance to heavy metals: the importance of fungi. “Bioventing”. “Landfarming”. Ex situ treatments. Soil treated in solid phase reactor, bioreactors in “slurry” phase. Soil treated in a liquid phase reactor. Bioremediation of metals.
2.3. Technologies for the biological conversion of organic waste and sludge. Anaerobic digestion: fundamentals, factors involved in the process and process control. Composting: Fundamentals. Composting systems. Factors involved in composting and process control.
3. Marine Biotechnology (blue biotechnology)
3.1 Introduction to marine biotechnology
3.2 Macro and microalgae biotechnology: Production conditions and growth rate assessment
3.3. Biofiltration: Reactors with fixed cells. Transport and mass transfer mechanisms; limitations to mass transfer. Biofilm kinetics; Diffusional limitations in biofilm. Kinetics of fixed microorganisms in fillings.
3.4 Marine biotechnology and aquaculture perspectives and projects
3.5 Applications in bioprocessing of renewable resources and production of Biofuels

Practical laboratory classes:
Respirometry and biodegradability of wastewater. Sludge sedimentability analysis; Carbon removal and nitrification together in an activated sludge pilot unit; Nitrification in biofilters; Mass transfer coefficients in aerators; Study of microalgal growth kinetics in a Fed-Batch reactor

 

Bibliografia Obrigatória

Manuela da Fonseca, M., Teixeira, J.A.; Reatores Biológicos: Fundamentos e Aplicações, Lidel, 2007. ISBN: 978-972-757-366-0
Eckenfelder, W.W.; Industrial Water Polution Control, McGraw Hill, 2000. ISBN: 0-07-041878-0
Bailey, J.E., Ollis D.F.; Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals , McGraw Hill, 2000. ISBN: 978-0070032125
Rittmann, B.E., McCarty, P.L.; Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, McGraw Hill, 2001. ISBN: 978-126-044-059-1
Pereira, L., Neto, J.M.; Marine Algae: Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Environmental Assessment and Biotechnology, Taylor&Francis, 2014. ISBN: 978-0429-166-37-2

Bibliografia Complementar

Fingerman, M., Nagabhushanam, R.; Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol. 4: Aquaculture: Part A:: Seaweeds and Invertebrates, CRC Press, 2000. ISBN: 978-157-808-082-3

Métodos de ensino e atividades de aprendizagem

Participated expository method, with emphasis on interactive training even in the introduction of theoretical concepts and through solving exercises in online practical classes. It seeks to lead students to draw conclusions, guiding them in this process, both in theoretical classes and in laboratory practices. In laboratory classes, students carry out experimental work, according to the protocols provided, later preparing the respective report.

Tipo de avaliação

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Componentes de Avaliação

Designation	Peso (%)
Participação presencial	5,00
Apresentação/discussão de um trabalho científico	2,00
Teste	60,00
Trabalho laboratorial	33,00
Total:	100,00

Componentes de Ocupação

Designation	Tempo (Horas)
Apresentação/discussão de um trabalho científico	4,00
Estudo autónomo	72,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Trabalho laboratorial	26,00
Total:	162,00

Obtenção de frequência

The assessment of the theoretical component is carried out by continuous assessment through the completion of 2 tests or exam on the dates provided for in the exam calendar.
The laboratory evaluation is based on the calculation of all laboratory work in the classroom with computers (mandatory). Report delivery is made at the end of the semester. The work will be delivered in the form of an article, presented orally and discussed at the end of the semester.

Fórmula de cálculo da classificação final

The final grade (NF) is obtained by weighting:
NF = 60% (theory and practice) of the test or exam assessment + 40% for the laboratory work development component.

Oral discussion of work delivered through presentation represents 30% in the evaluation of research or experimental work.

Both evaluation components will have to be positive, that is, with grades higher than 9.5. Students can take the 2nd test without having a minimum score in the 1st test. The students can repeat one test with grade lower than 9.5 in the 1st exam call. The laboratory component is mandatory even if the assessment is carried out  by exam.

Provas e trabalhos especiais

There are no additional tests or special works. All works were considered in the theoretical and practical evaluation component.

Trabalho de estágio/projeto

There are no internships or projects. All works were considered in the theoretical and practical evaluation component.

Avaliação especial (TE, DA, ...)

Special assessments for students with particular status or justifications follow IPS regulations.

Melhoria de classificação

Test improvements can only be performed on the 1st exam call. Optionally, the grade improvement can be performed by 2nd exam call in accordance with the IPS grade improvement regulation.