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Thermodynamics and Fluids

Code:

LACI21013

Sigla:

TF

Áreas Científicas
Classificação	Área Científica
OFICIAL	Applied Thermodynamics

Ocorrência: 2023/2024 - 1S

Ativa?	Yes
Unidade Responsável:	Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica
Curso/CE Responsável:

Ciclos de Estudo/Cursos

Sigla	Nº de Estudantes	Plano de Estudos	Anos Curriculares	Créditos UCN	Créditos ECTS	Horas de Contacto	Horas Totais
EACI	47	Plano de Estudos 14	2	-	6	60	162

Língua de trabalho

Portuguese

Objetivos

• Provide students with the necessary knowledge to carry out the energy analysis of simple systems with an interest in engineering.


• Provide students with the necessary knowledge to analise hidrostatic pressures problems and  internal flows.

Resultados de aprendizagem e competências

Thermodynamics:
- Perform engineering calculations with different unit systems;
- Perform energy balances in closed systems;
- Identify the steady state of a system;
- Perform mass and energy balances in control volumes;
- Understand the concept of energy quality and the limitation of the tranformation of heat into work;
- Calculate the efficiency of a process/cycle.


Fluid Mechanics:
- Determine the force and respective point of application on a flat submerged surface;
- Determine the pressure read by any liquid column manometer;
- Identify and characterize the flow regime;
- Analise internal the flows;

Modo de trabalho

Presencial

Programa

The program is splited into two parts, the 1st is thermodynamics and the 2nd is Fluid Mechanics

Thermodynamics

1. Dimensions and Units:

Definition of dimensions and units of physical property; units system requirements; base units of a units system, simple and compound units; SI units system and other units used in engineering problems.

2. Thermodynamics Introductory concepts:

Definition of Thermodynamic Systems; definition of continuous medium and system properties ; definition: state of a system, process/evolution, quasi-stationary evolutions and equilibrium state of a system. Distinction between Intensive and Extensive properties. Phase of matter and Pure Substance.  Introduction to thermometry and temperature scales.

3. First law of thermodynamics applied to closed systems:

introdutions of the 1st law of thermodynamics; definition of polytropic processes; work of a polytropic process. Application of the first law of thermodynamics to closed system cycles; definitions of efficiency of work production cycles and the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigeration/heat pump cycles.

4. Properties of Pure, Simple and Compressible Substances:

The p-v-T relationship. Phase change. Tables for Thermodynamic Properties. Pressure, Specific Volume and Temperature. Specific Internal Energy and Enthalpy. Specific heat. Model for incompressible substance. Processes with gaseous substances. ideal gas equation, universal Gas Constant. Ideal gases Polytropic processes. 

5. First Law of thermodynamics applied to control volumes:

Control Volume Definition. Mass and Energy balances. Stationary process analysis in control volumes.


6. Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy:

2nd law of thermodynamics. Thermal energy reservoirs. Thermal machines. eficiecncy of themal machines. Refrigerators and heat pumps. Perpetual motion machines. Reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot cycle. Carnot principles. Entropy. Clausius inequality. Principle of increasing entropy. Entropy variation of pure substances. Isentropic processes. T-s diagram. Isentropic efficiencies.

Fluid Mechanics

1. Introductory Concepts:

Fluid concept; Continuity of matter; Basic Laws of Physics; Notion of volume and mass flow; Thermodynamic properties of fluids.

2.Hydrostatic pressure

Pressure distribution in a fluid Balance of the fluid element; hydrostatic equation; applications f the hydrostatic equation.

3. Internal Fluid flow:

Notion of current line, trajectory and emission line; Continuity equation; Bernoulli's equation; Energy equation; Applications.

4. Flow regimes:

Laminar and turbulent flow; Reynolds number; Velocity profiles, Flow velocity measurement; applications.

Bibliografia Obrigatória

Yunus A. Çengel e Michael A. Boles; Termodinâmica, McGrawHill, 2007. ISBN: ISBN: ISBN: 85-86804-66-5

Bibliografia Complementar

Robert L. Mott ; Joseph A. Untener; Applied Fluid Mechanics, Pearson Education Limited, 2016. ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-292-01961-1

Métodos de ensino e atividades de aprendizagem

Theoretical-practical classes composed by an expositive part where the fundamental concepts of the different subjects are presented. During the exposition of the theoretical material, practical problems of direct application of the concepts are proposed for solving. Students are encouraged to participate in solving the exercises.

Tipo de avaliação

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Componentes de Avaliação

Designation	Peso (%)
Teste	100,00
Total:	100,00

Componentes de Ocupação

Designation	Tempo (Horas)
Estudo autónomo	100,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Total:	160,00

Obtenção de frequência

Continuous evaluation:

By carrying out two tests, the classification of each test must be greather or equal to 8,5 values and the combined classification of the two tests calculated by the formula presented below must be greater than or equal to 9,5 points.

Students can repeat one of the tests on the regular exam date.

Exam Assessment:

Carrying out an exam with a classification greater than or equal to 9.5 points.
Students with a final classification higher than 17 will have to take an oral test or will receive a final grade of 17 valeus.

Fórmula de cálculo da classificação final

CF = 0,5 x CT1 + 0,5 x CT2;

CF – Final Classification,

CT1 – Test 1 Classification,

CT2 – Test 2 Classification,