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Ecology and Nature Conservation

Code:

LTAM04

Sigla:

ECN

Áreas Científicas
Classificação	Área Científica
OFICIAL	Controlo e Processos

Ocorrência: 2022/2023 - 1S

Ativa?	Yes
Unidade Responsável:	Departamento de Sistemas e Informática
Curso/CE Responsável:	Environmental and Marine Technology

Ciclos de Estudo/Cursos

Sigla	Nº de Estudantes	Plano de Estudos	Anos Curriculares	Créditos UCN	Créditos ECTS	Horas de Contacto	Horas Totais
LTAM	49	Plano de Estudos 2016/17	1	-	6	90	162

Docência - Responsabilidades

Docente	Responsabilidade
Ricardo Manuel Nunes Salgado

Docência - Horas

Theorethical and Practical :	4,00
Practical and Laboratory:	2,00

Type	Docente	Turmas	Horas
Theorethical and Practical	Totais	1	4,00
Theorethical and Practical	Ricardo Manuel Nunes Salgado		4,00
Practical and Laboratory	Totais	3	6,00
Practical and Laboratory	Ana Paula Eugénio de Oliveira		6,00

Língua de trabalho

Portuguese

Objetivos

Goals
- Acquire Ecology concepts, considering the environment and the quality of human life.
- To be able to act in a more informed and effective way in solving or preventing environmental problems.
- Be able to analyze and study terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
- Know the different tools to protect species, habitats, nature conservation and preserve biodiversity.

Resultados de aprendizagem e competências

Skills
- Characterize and study terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from a physical, chemical and biological point of view.
- Know the different interactions between living beings at the behavioral level, eating and reproductive habits as a tool to aid the study of ecosystems.
- Know the biogeographic map of Portugal and how to describe and map the vegetation.
- Establish nature conservation strategies to preserve biodiversity.
- Know how to characterize the habitats of Portugal and know the species and protected habitats.
- Know how to assess biodiversity at different spatial levels and understand how human activities can affect it.
- Know how to use ecology knowledge in the management and conservation of populations and ecosystems.
- Identify sources of contamination of ecosystems with ecotoxicological effects.

Modo de trabalho

Presencial

Pré-requisitos (conhecimentos prévios) e co-requisitos (conhecimentos simultâneos)

No previous knowledge required

Programa

1. Introduction

Levels of organization of living beings - from the individual to the ecosystem.
2.Biodiversity

Existing and known biodiversity. Current issue of biodiversity loss. Measures to halt the decline of biodiversity.
3. Evolutionary Ecology and Population Genetics

Concept of population, species and community. Evolutionary units and speciation mechanisms. Factors that influence the structure and genetic variability of populations.
4. Population Dynamics

Characteristics of populations. Population parameters: calculations and meaning. Processes to determine the size of a population. Structure and age of a population. Pyramids of ages. Types and ecological implications. Life and fertility tables. Population growth processes. Interactions between species.
5. Behavior Ecology

Territory and vital area. Group life. Optimization theory. Evolutionarily stable strategies.
6. Communities and Ecosystems

Nutrients and energy flows in ecosystems. Primary and secondary productivity. Classification of communities. Methods of measuring ecological biodiversity. Ecological niche and community structure. Biogeographic patterns. Effect of competition and predation on community structure. Ecological succession.
7. Terrestrial Ecology

Classification of Earth Biomes (Whittaker and Holdridge). Vegetation and environmental factors – the globe's bioclimatic mosaic. Mediterranean type vegetation.

Overview of Portuguese vegetation. Typology and biogeographic map of mainland Portugal, Madeira and Azores. Potential covered and current covered. Landscape evolution.

Fauna of Portugal. Characterization of the main habitats in Portugal (potential forest, pre-forest and semi-desert vegetation, pastures and meadows, anthropogenic, riparian, epiphytic, dune and freshwater vegetation)
8. Freshwater ecosystems (limnology)

Hydrodynamics of lake basins and thermal stratification. Structure and productivity of aquatic ecosystems. Distribution of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in fresh water.

Inland water salinity. Plankton communities: Phyto- and Zooplankton and interactions with ichthyofauna. Aquatic macrophytes in the coastal zone. Sediments, benthic microflora and benthic communities. Bioaccumulation, eutrophication, salinization and leaching in aquatic ecosystems. Mitigation measures and rehabilitation of degraded environments. Principles of hydrology and management of hydrographic networks.
9. Estuarine ecosystems

Geological formations of different estuaries. Stratification in estuaries and saline wedge. Estuary biodiversity and its ecological importance.
10. Pest management

Identification and characterization of pests and invasive species. Legislation. Control and prevention techniques.
11. Nature Conservation

Concept of ecological protection, conservation, restoration and reconstruction. National and international conventions. Nature Conservation Measures. Community action plan for biodiversity. RELAPE species concept. IUCN Threat Status: Red Book, Convention of

Bern. Portuguese species with protection status. CORINE habitats. Protected areas, micro-reserves, SPAs and Rede Natura 2000. Ecological restoration: invasive control, phytoremediation, deactivation of infrastructure and renaturalisation.

Practical laboratory and fieldwork:

Fieldwork: Analysis and inventory of green spaces and forest areas; Spatial analysis of lichen distribution; Identification and characterization of species considered as pests; Identification of ecological succession in dune systems.

Lab work: Determining plant growth rates; Determination of chlorophyll in terrestrial and aquatic plants.

Bibliografia Obrigatória

PERONI, N. MEDINA HERNANDEZ, M.J.; Ecologia de Populações e Comunidades, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da UFSC, 2011. ISBN: 978-85-61485-39-9
PINTO-COELHO, R.M.; Fundamentos em Ecologia, ARTMED, 2000
WETZEL, R.G.; Limnologia, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1993
ODUM, E. P; Fundamentos de Ecologia, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2004
BROWER; J. E. , ZAR, J. H. , ENDE, C.; . Field and Laboratory methods for general Ecology, McGraw Hill, 1997
STUMM, W. e MORGEN J.J.; Aquatic Chemistry, chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters, John Wiley and Sons, 1996
CABRAL, M. J. et al.; Livro vermelho dos vertebrados de Portugal, Instituto da Conservação da Natureza, Assírio & Alvim, 2008. ISBN: 978-972-775-153-2

Bibliografia Complementar

ALEXANDER, M.; Management planning for nature conservation: a theoretical basis and pratical guide, Springer, 2008. ISBN: 978-1-4020-6580-4
WALKER, C. H.; Principles of ecotoxicology, Boca Raton, 2006. ISBN: 0-8493-3635-X

Métodos de ensino e atividades de aprendizagem

Expository method through learning methodologies with active student-centred, being privileged the introduction of theoretic concepts in participated face-to-face classes. It seeks to lead the students in this process by guiding them to achieve the learning-objectives proposed.

Tipo de avaliação

Distributed evaluation without final exam

Componentes de Avaliação

Designation	Peso (%)
Participação presencial	5,00
Teste	65,00
Trabalho de campo	19,00
Trabalho laboratorial	9,00
Apresentação/discussão de um trabalho científico	2,00
Total:	100,00

Componentes de Ocupação

Designation	Tempo (Horas)
Apresentação/discussão de um trabalho científico	3,00
Estudo autónomo	72,00
Trabalho de campo	17,00
Trabalho laboratorial	10,00
Frequência das aulas	60,00
Total:	162,00

Obtenção de frequência

The assessment of the theoretical-practical component is carried out by continuous assessment through the completion of 2 tests or final exam on the dates provided for in the exam calendar. The practical laboratory component is assessed by carrying out laboratory/field work with oral presentation at the end of the semester.

Fórmula de cálculo da classificação final

The final grade (NF) is obtained by weighting:

NF = 65% of the assessment in test or exam + 30% for the practical laboratory/field work component + 5% Attendance

Oral discussion of the practical work delivered through presentation represents 30% in the evaluation.

Both evaluation components will have to be positive, that is, with grades higher than 9.5. Students can take the 2nd test without having a minimum score in the 1st test, repeating, in the 1st exam call, the test with a grade lower than 9.5.

The assessment by examination does not exempt the performance of all the planned laboratory work and its respective evaluation.

Provas e trabalhos especiais

There are no tests or special activities. All the work was considered as part of the theoretical and practical evaluation.

Trabalho de estágio/projeto

There are no internship or project activities. All the work was considered as part of the theoretical and practical evaluation.

Avaliação especial (TE, DA, ...)

Special assessments for students with statutes or justifications follow IPS regulations.

Melhoria de classificação

Test improvements can only be performed on the 1st exam call.

Optionally, the grade improvement can be done according to the IPS grade improvement regulation.

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